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The base of the tower crane is usually bolted to a huge concrete pad that provides very necessary support. The base is attached to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane which is affixed to the inside of the building's structure. Often, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The mast of the crane is normally a triangulated lattice structure which measures 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. Attached to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit consists of a gear and a motor that enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kg or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Moreover, two limit switches are used to be able to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is even one more safety feature known as a load moment switch to make sure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Finally, the tower crane has a maximum reach of two hundred thirty feet or 70 meters.
There is definitely a science involved with erecting a tower crane, specially because of their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure has to be transported to the construction location by using a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the machine portion of the crane and the jib. These parts are then connected to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes can be some of the other industrial machines which is utilized to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height could match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a top climber or a climbing frame that fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an additional 20 feet or 6.1m. Then, the driver of the crane uses the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast section piece.
Using a Standard Counterbalance Forklift
1 Before using the machine, carry out a pre-shift check. OSHA guidelines do state that pre-shift checklists have to be carried out each day or every shift. Each different machinery and its attachments has its own checklist listing steering, brakes, emergency brakes, lights, horn, controls and safety features.
2 When starting up the machinery and check the controls, it is vital to make certain that the seatbelt is fixed firmly and the seat has been adjusted for your maximum comfort. Look beneath the equipment after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of each kind of forklift is different.
3 The basic operation of a machinery is basically compared to a standard motor vehicle. The forklift has a rear end swing of the forklift occurs since the truck steers utilizing its rear wheels. Disregarding this information is a major reasons for accidents and injuries to employees. The nearly 90-degree turn from the front wheels should be performed with utmost caution. These top-heavy equipment have a high center of gravity even without a load. When transporting or lifting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 When traveling, keep the forks near the ground and use care when approaching loads. Make sure that the forks line up with the pallet. Lift the load only as high as is necessary, tilting it back to help stabilize the machine. Drive backwards only if the load is very bulky that it obstructs the vision of the driver.
5 Check the wheels on trailers/trucks prior to unloading and loading. Do not travel on slopes, specially when lifting a load. The equipment is prone to tip-overs on an incline. When driving on a slope is necessary, always drive up the incline and back down. The load should be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The driver should be firmly in control at all times. The primary cause of operator injuries is tip-over. The operator must never try to jump out of the truck in case of a tip-over. The safest approach is to lean away from the direction of fall while holding the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
