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A torque converter is a fluid coupling that is used to be able to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, which is an internal combustion engine or as electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is same as a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanized clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could offer the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque when there is a considerable difference between input and output rotational speed.
The most popular kind of torque converter utilized in automobile transmissions is the fluid coupling type. During the 1920s there was also the Constantinesco or otherwise known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are various mechanical designs utilized for always changeable transmissions which could multiply torque. For instance, the Variomatic is one kind that has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
A fluid coupling is a 2 element drive which could not multiply torque. A torque converter has an additional part that is the stator. This alters the drive's characteristics throughout times of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
There are a minimum of three rotating elements inside a torque converter: the turbine, which drives the load, the impeller, that is mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator, which is between the impeller and the turbine so that it could change oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Usually, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be stopped from rotating under whatever situation and this is where the term stator starts from. In truth, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still allowing forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been modifications which have been integrated sometimes. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is required, modifications to the modifications have proven to be worthy. Most commonly, these modifications have taken the form of many turbines and stators. Each and every set has been designed to produce differing amounts of torque multiplication. Some examples comprise the Dynaflow which uses a five element converter to be able to generate the wide range of torque multiplication considered necessary to propel a heavy vehicle.
Even though it is not strictly a part of classic torque converter design, different automotive converters include a lock-up clutch so as to lessen heat and to be able to enhance cruising power transmission effectiveness. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical which eliminates losses associated with fluid drive.
